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Wolfberry has important unique medical values as well as edible and commerce values. In this paper,we analyze the characteristics and problems of international trade of wolfberry based on the customs data between 2008 and 2017. During periods of these ten years,the wolfberry was mainly exported with a small proportions of imports. The total export volume increased steadily,reached 82 182. 08 tons and 696. 622 million dollars respectively. Wolfberry came from 31 provinces/autonomous regions and exported to 105 countries and regions through 21 ports. Most of the total exports of wolfberry flew to markets of Asia and Europe,the Ningxia autonomous region was the major export province. Large amount of wolfberry exported through Tianjin port. Compared with the export volume,the import is almost negligible,mainly coming from North Korea,almost all through Changchun port,Jilin province to enter the domestic market. There is a situation of"import of domestic goods". To enhance the international competitiveness of wolf berry industry,we must rely on the fundamental research of wolfberry,speed up the standardization process,strengthen the scientific and technological innovation in wolfberry products,improve the added value and profit of wolfberry.
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Asia , China , Commerce , Europe , LyciumABSTRACT
To further study the mechanism of sprout tumble caused by drought,drought stress was simulating with 30% PEG 6000,physiological,and then the morphological changes of Pinellia ternata cells at different treatment time were detected. The results indicated that,along with the period of drought stress continued,the contents of chlorophyll and water potential were decreased,relative electrical conductivity,contents of soluble sugar and MDA increased. Sprout tumble of P. ternata first occurred on the fourth day during drought stress,large scale of sprout tumble appeared on the eighth day with about 73% of tumble rate. The nuclei exposed to drought stress for 2 days were flattened,lobed,invalidated or irregular in shape and significant showed the apoptotic morphological characteristics. Adenylate transferase( ANT) gene expressions were inhibited by drought,with the rapid increase of Caspase-3 enzyme activity,the cell death rate increased. All this proves that the essence of sprout tumble caused by drought is programmed cell death,which may be a self dormancy protection mechanism of P. ternata against adverse environment.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Droughts , Pinellia , Cell Biology , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism and potential active constituents of Polygala Radix in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with multiple data bases combined with literature mining to build Polygala Radix chemical composition database. A novel analysis tool Pharmmapper was used to obtain the main active ingredient and potential target of Polygala Radix. By extensive data profiling, the Polygala Radix was found to contain 111 chemical constituents. Among them, a total of 10 active molecules included 3 xanthone, 1 saponins, 3 oligosaccharide esters, and 3 other classes were related to 13 Alzheimer's disease-related targets. Two of the core targets were beta-secretase 1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta. Use the GO analysis and KEGG to explore the molecular mechanism of Polygala Radix in treatment of Alzheimer's disease, which has 3 signaling pathways, and the most important signaling pathway is the cell death signaling pathway. The active constituents of Polygala Radix could control the formation of Aβ and the apoptosis of cells through the interaction with multiple targets, and control the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanism and targets with"Relieving the Depressed Liver" effectofemotional diseases treatment by Radix Bupleuri. METHOD: Systems pharmacology methodwas employed to exploring the ingredients, targets and diseases information which was related "Relieving the Depressed Liver" effect in Radix Bupleuri. Next, the "disease-target" network and "drug-target" network were built by Cytoscape 3.2.1 and we analyzed the network by using network topological analysis method and systems pharmacological data. RESULT: Twenty-five targets were found to be associated with emotional diseases. Eight core ingredients from 118 ingredients in Radix Bupleuri were directly related to these targets. The molecular mechanism of Radix Bupleuri treatment of emotional diseases is produced by the interactions between the 118 ingredients and 25 potential targets, and eight core compounds may play a central role in the process of this treatment mechanism. CONCLUSION: Through the construction of systems pharmacology models, the molecular mechanism of "Relieving the Depressed Liver" effect of Radix Bupleuri from the system level is we interpreted. Our study provides a theoretical foundation for the explanation of TCM treating mechanism and "treat different diseases with same Chinese medicine" phenomenon.
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Objective To construct a lentiviral vector carrying short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of human Id2 gene and to investigate its effect on the proliferation and apoptosis in glioma cell line U251. Methods Four shRNA sequences targeting human Id2 gene were designed and synthesized. The shRNAs were inserted into the pGCSIL-GFP lentiviral vector. Id2 sequence was amplified from the plasmid which contained Id2 gene as verified by PCR, and was inserted into the pEGFP-N1-3FLAG vector. Lentiviral vector for RNAi of Id2 was constructed and was used to infect 293T cells. The infection efficiency was evaluated and then the lentiviral vector was used to infect U251 cellline. Western blotting analysis was employed to assess the gene silencing efficiency. Cell proliferation was tested by MTT. Cell apoptosis was observed by RT-PCR analysis of caspase 3 expression in U251 cells after infection. Results The results of PCR analysis and DNA sequencing agreed to each other. Compared with the control group, the transfected U251 cells had significantly decreased cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis rate and caspase 3 expression (P<0.05).Conclusion We have successfully constructed lentivirus RNAi vector of Id2, which can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of action of Chinese drug Langchuang-3 Granule (LC-3) in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through observing its effects on body weight (BW), antinuclear antibody (ANA), spleen index and thymus index in BXSB SLE model mice, as well as the deposition of immune complex in mice' renal glomeruli.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SLE model mice were randomized into 4 groups: the control group (A), the LC-3 treated group (B), the Western drug treated group (C), and the LC-3 combined Western drug treated group (D). BW of mice was dynamically observed; spleen index (SI) and thymus index (TI) were measured by weighting method; serum anti-ANA level was detected by ELISA; IgG and complement C3 in renal glomeruli were analysed by direct immunofluorescence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BW of mice remarkably increased after treatment in Group B and D, showing a significant difference to that in Group A (P < 0.05). Lower TI level and higher SI level were found in the model mice. As compared with Group A, TI was higher in Group B and D, SI was lower in Group D, and both indices were lower in Group C (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Level of ANA decreased (converting from positive to negative) remarkably in all the three treated groups (P < 0.01). The fluorescence intensity of IgG and C3 in the renal tissue was weaker in Group B, C (both P < 0.05) and D (P < 0.01) than that in Group A.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both LC-3 and Western medicine showed remarkable effects in treating SLE model mice, and the combination of the two could display an effect better than that of using either alone.</p>
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Animals , Male , Mice , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Integrative Medicine , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the results of losartan intervention on platelet-aggregation in spontaneous hypertensive rats.@*METHODS@#Spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly assigned into 3 groups: SHR control group, L-arginine treatment group (L-arg) and losartan (los) treatment group, each group consisting of 16 rats. Another 16 Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) served as normal control group. The L-arginine and losartan treatment groups received 1.0 g/kg L-arginine or 30 mg/kg losartan in 10 mL/kg distilled water daily through gastric tube for 2 weeks respectively, while the SHR and WKY groups received distilled water alone. All the rats took tap water and standard feed freely during the experimental period. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored by the tail-cuff method. At the end of the 2-week intervention, all the rats were sacrificed and the blood samples were collected from the carotid artery. The platelet-aggregation-rate, NO levels, eNOS activity, and ADMA levels both in the plasma and the platelets were measured. We got other platelet samples from the SD rats and incubated the platelets with blood vascular endothelium from the above 4 groups of experimental rats and the platelet-aggregation-rate was monitored as well.@*RESULTS@#(1) Systolic blood pressure of the SHR was significantly higher, compared with that of the WKY (P<0.01), which were significantly reduced both in the L-arginine and losartan groups (P<0.01). (2) Platelet-aggregation-rate of the SHR was significantly higher, compared with that of WKY (P<0.01), which was significantly reduced both in the L-arginine and losartan groups (P<0.01). (3) NO levels both in the plasma and the platelets of the SHR were lower, compared with those of the WKY (P<0.05); and were elevated significantly both in the L-arginine and losartan groups,compared with those of the SHR (P<0.05); (4) Both the plasma and the platelet eNOS activities of SHR followed the same pattern of the NO levels in these groups (P<0.01). (5) In contrast, the plasma and platelet ADMA levels showed a reverse pattern (P<0.05). (6) Platelets from the SD rats incubated with vascular endothelium of WKY exhibited lower platelet-aggregation-rate,compared with the platelets incubated with SHR vascular endothelium (P<0.05); Platelet-aggregation-rate of the SHR group increased, compared with that of the WKY group (P<0.05); Platelet-aggregation-rate both of L-arginine and losartan groups reduced, compared with that of the SHR group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#High levels of ADMA both in the plasma and in the platelets of SHR are associated with the decline of eNOS activity and NO levels, which might be an important reason for the increased platelet-aggregation-rate. Intervention with Losartan can reduce the platelet-aggregation-rate simultaneously with its known anti-hypertensive effect. The possible mechanism might be that losartan can enhance the eNOS activity and elevate NO levels through the suppression of ADMA.